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浙江教育两会观察:如何为职业教育发展“谋出路”?******

  中新网杭州1月14日电 题:浙江教育两会观察:如何为职业教育发展“谋出路”?

  记者 谢盼盼

  职业教育,一直以来都存有误解:社会认可度低,上升通道受阻……在此间举行的浙江省两会上,多位浙江省政协委员为职业教育发展“支招”。

  近年来,中央、省里和各市相继召开职业教育大会,出台了一系列支持职业教育快速发展的政策,职业教育的发展无疑迎来了“春天”。

  然而,浙江省政协委员、九三学社金华市委主委,金华市副市长庄凌飞从工作调研中发现,还有一些制约职业教育发展的瓶颈问题亟待破解。

  其一表现为普通教育与职业教育生源抢夺激烈,更多生源流向普通高中;其二为职业教育统筹力度有待强化。中职教育与技工教育一体规划不够,市自为战、县自为战、校自为战的现象仍然存在,职教布局、专业设置顶层设计有待加强,专业重复建设造成较大浪费;其三为职业教育服务地方发展的水平有待提升,专业与产业匹配度、实训实操能力还有待加强;其四为高层次复合型技能人才培养途径有待进一步拓展。

  他担心,受普职比控制放开、职业教育社会认可度不高等因素影响,职业教育的生源正在逐渐萎缩,技工院校赴外地招生的成效也不明显,今后一个时期很有可能造成中职学校和技工院校“无生可招”的局面。

  民进浙江省委会常委、湖州市委会主委李红同样关注职业教育及人才培养。

  李红认为,许多中高职院校的高学历教师,从校门走进校门,缺乏必要的操作技能和实践经验。同时技工院校师生比偏低,以2022年浙江省人社厅评出的10所省一流技师学院为例,平均师生比在1:18.7,与普通教育相差甚远。

  今年,浙江对职业人才的培育可谓下了“大力气”。

  据政府工作报告,2023年浙江将开展职业教育培训150万人次;开展职业技能培训110万人次以上,新增技能人才40万人,其中高技能人才20万人;建成零工市场200个。

  在此前提下,职业教育的发展应当如何“谋出路”?庄凌飞提议,要提升职业教育社会地位,加快凝聚职业教育与普通教育同等重要的社会共识;加大对职业教育的投入,提升产教融合水平;打造“浙江工匠”品牌,高规格举办浙江省技能大赛,加大优秀技能人才激励力度,营造尊重技能人才、重视技能人才的浓厚社会氛围。

  此外,他还认为,要加强顶层设计,切实做好规划、政策、专业等统筹文章,形成推动职业教育高质量发展合力;聚力提升实操实训水平,提高职业教育竞争力和影响力,同时也要鼓励优秀的教师和学生到企业中去深造学习,在一线岗位提升技能水平。

  李红建议,在满足当前产业发展所需人才的基础上,更加关注“未来工厂”所需要的产业工人,在规划未来产业时,同步规划“未来工人”培养计划,提前开展人才储备。与此同时,围绕专业发展要求,创新工学一体化技能人才培养模式。可以对接世界技能大赛标准,完善评价策略和评价体系,培养对接世界前沿高技能人才。

  诚然,国家的发展既需要顶尖科技人才,也离不开一代代工匠的辛勤付出;一流的科研成果,更需要一流的制造水平予以实现。重视职业教育的发展无疑是浙江打造创新高地的关键一环,也是推进扩中提低,夯实共同富裕示范区建设的重要基础性工作。(完)

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中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******

  中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。

资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。

  2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。

  日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。

  日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。

  事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。

  因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。

  日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。

  《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。

  德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。

  日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。

  国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。

  太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。

  Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business

  By John Lee

  (ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.

  Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.

  The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.

  On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.

  The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.

  In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.

  Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.

  The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.

  The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.

  The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.

  According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.

  As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.

  However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.

  Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.

  The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.

  If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.

 

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